Reports emerged on 17 September 2024 that, from about 15:45 that day local time, a large number of pagers used by Hezbollah personnel in Lebanon exploded spontaneously and virtually simultaneously. At the time of writing, nine persons are reported to have died and 2,750 persons reportedly suffered injuries.

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Two key questions now need to be considered. First, are these weapons, weapon systems or methods of warfare lawful? The weapon system in the present case will comprise the fake component including the explosive content, the detonator, the arming mechanism and the equipment that is used to generate and transmit the relevant signal. A method of warfare is a way of conducting hostilities. Second, do these attacks comply with targeting law? I consider these questions in turn.